Example bibliography source hierarchy:
1. Regulatory legal acts;
2. Practice materials;
3. Literature and periodicals;
4. Literature in foreign languages;
5. Internet sources.
Decisions of the plenums of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation are included in the section of judicial practice.
At the same time, it should be taken into account that the international legal normative acts(conventions, treaties, etc.), in which the Russian Federation participates, are located at the beginning of the list of legal acts, BUT after the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Normative legal acts of foreign states (international conventions, treaties) in which the Russian Federation does not participate are located separately after the list of acts of the judiciary.
Regulatory legal acts that have lost their force are located at the end of the list of regulatory legal acts, also in order of importance. At the same time, it is necessary to indicate in brackets that the normative legal act has become invalid.
Documents with equal legal significance are grouped in chronological order according to the dates of their publication.
An example of registration of regulatory legal acts in accordance with GOST, 2019:
Rules valid until 2018:
1. "The Constitution of the Russian Federation" (adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993) (subject to amendments introduced by the Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2008 N 6-FKZ, of December 30, 2008 N 7-FKZ, of February 5, 2014 N 2-FKZ) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 04/14/2014, N 15, art. 1691.
2. "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights" (adopted by the UN General Assembly on 12/10/1948)//Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 12/10/1998.
3. "Civil Code of the Russian Federation" dated November 30, 1994 N 51-FZ (as amended on July 1, 2014) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, January 13, 1997, No. 2, art. 198.
4. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia N 776, the Ministry of Defense of Russia N 703, the FSB of Russia N 509, the FSO of Russia N 507, the Federal Customs Service of Russia N 1820, the SVR of Russia N 42, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia N 535, the FSKN of Russia N 398, the Investigative Committee of Russia N 68 dated 27.09. 2013 "On the approval of the Instructions on the procedure for presenting the results of operational-search activities to the body of inquiry, the investigator or the court" (Registered in the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 05.12.2013 N 30544) // "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", N 282, 13.12.2013
The list of legal acts in the list of references is followed by a list of special literature and periodicals.
The list of references is compiled directly from the data of the printed edition or is written out from catalogs and bibliographic indexes in full, without omissions of any elements, abbreviations of titles, etc.
Based guest list of references is formalized by indicating the mandatory elements of the description of the bibliographic source.
The main elements of the description of a literary source are:
Optional elements of the description of a bibliographic source include, for example:
Parallel titleLast item - General material designation- deserves special attention. Depending on its application, we can see quite visually different ways of designing a bibliography.
The fact is that this optional element is used in cases where the characteristics of the physical carrier of the document are not visible from the available elements of the bibliographic record (for example, a description of a database located on a local computer, etc.). The element is indicated in square brackets immediately after the title without any prescribed punctuation (for example: [Electronic resource], [Audio recording], etc.).
For ordinary books, a corresponding mark is provided: [Text].
If it is clear from the other elements of the bibliographic record which physical medium is being referred to, this element may be omitted.
In this manual, we will not use this element, but if you need it, then simply supplement the following rules for the design of the list of references for yourself with the obligatory inclusion of this element after the title of the book in square brackets.
Sometimes, as a mandatory element of the description of the source of literature, ISBN, which is mentioned in GOST.
But here you need to understand that the inclusion of certain elements of the description depends on the purpose of the list.
Where there is no need to identify a literary source in an international documentary flow, the ISBN is not required. This applies to lists for term papers and theses, dissertations, etc.
Thus, ISBN is not needed in the reference list of the term paper (similarly in the thesis).
The order of registration of the source of literature depends on the number of authors who took part in its writing. Separate rules are provided for books with 1, 2-3 and more authors.
Consider the order registration of the list of references according to the guest to include books with different numbers of authors.
Schematic example:
Ivanov, I.I. Title of the book / I.I. Ivanov. - City: The name of the publisher. - 552 p.
Real example:
Zhabina S.G. Fundamentals of economics, management and marketing in public catering / S.G. Frog. - M.: Academy, 2016. - 336 p.
We will immediately explain how the cities are designated. In practice, abbreviations for large cities (usually capitals and regional centers) have developed.
Here are the decryptions:
| City name | Designation in the list of references | A comment |
| Moscow | M. | |
| Saint Petersburg | SPb. | |
| Rostov-on-Don | Rostov n/a. | Often there is RnD or R / nD - this is not true. |
| Nizhny Novgorod | N.Novgorod. | |
| Leningrad | L. | For literature published in the USSR. |
Please note that after the abbreviated name, a dot is immediately put. After her without spaces are written immediately colon and the name of the publisher.
M.: _______ St. Petersburg: _____, etc.
For other cities, the list of references indicates their full names, followed immediately by a colon (and not a dot, as in the case of abbreviated names).
Example:
Volkov,
M.
IN.
Modern economy/
M.
IN.
Volkov,
A.V.
Sidorov. -
St. Petersburg.:
Peter, 2016.
- 155
With.
Example:
Korobkin, M.V. Modern economy / M.V. Korobkin [and others] - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2014.- 325 p.
Example:
Volkov,
M.
IN.
Modern Economics: Study Guide /
M.
IN.
Volkov. -
St. Petersburg.:
Peter, 2014.
- 225
With.
Or if a generic material designation is used
Volkov, M. IN. Modern Economics [Text]: textbook / M. IN. Volkov. - St. Petersburg.: Peter, 2014. - 225 With.
guest list literature
Example:
pharmaceutical chemistry: studies.
allowanceForstud.
universities/
undered.
AND.
H.
Sovenko. -
M.:
Rior, 2014. - 323
With.
Example:
pharmaceutical chemistry: studies.
allowanceForstud.
universities/
L.
H.
Protasova.,
M.
AND.
Ivanov,
A.A. Sidorov;
undered. AND.
H.
Sovenko.. -
M.:
Rior, 2014. -323
With.
For multivolume books you must specify the volume number that was used in the work. To do this, immediately after the name of the publication, the postscript "T.1." is made, where 1 is the volume number.
Example:
Bokov,
AH.
EconomyT.2.
Microeconomics[
Text] /
A.N.
Bokov. -
M.:
Norm, 2015. - 532
With.
Example before 2018:
Bokov,
IN.
TO.
Reasons for the crisis of the US economic model /
IN.
TO.
Bokov//
RBC. -2014.
- №
4 (11). -
WITH. 32-36.
An example of registration until 2018:
Recommendations for the design of the list of references [Electronic resource] / All-Russian Bank of Educational Materials; ed. Marfunin R.M. (Accessed: 08/16/2015).
Equivalent sources are placed in list of references according to GOST in alphabetical order.
At the same time, publications in foreign languages are placed at the end of the list after Russian-language sources in the order of the Latin alphabet.
When making bibliography are used GOST 7.1 2003 " Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and drafting rules" And GOST R 7.0.5-2008"Bibliographic reference. General requirements and rules for compilation".
Both GOST data can be read and download below.
INTERSTATE STANDARD
GOST 7.1-2003
System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing
BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION
General requirements and drafting rules
ISS 01.140.20
Introduction date 2004-07-01
Foreword
The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-97 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. The procedure for developing, adopting, application, renewal and cancellation
Intelligence about the standard
1 DEVELOPED by the Russian Book Chamber of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Press, Broadcasting and Mass Communications, the Russian State Library and the Russian National Library of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Interstate Technical Committee for Standardization TK 191 "Scientific and technical information, library and publishing"
2 INTRODUCED by the State Standard of Russia
3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (minutes N 12 dated July 2, 2003)
|
Short country name according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97 |
Code of the country By MK (ISO 3166) 004-97 |
Abbreviated name of the national authority for standardization |
|
Armenia |
AM |
Armstandard |
|
Belarus |
State Standard of the Republic of Belarus |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
|
|
Kyrgyzstan |
Kyrgyzstandart |
|
|
Moldova |
Moldova-Standard |
|
|
Russian Federation |
Gosstandart of Russia |
|
|
Tajikistan |
Tajikstandart |
|
|
Turkmenistan |
Main State Service "Turkmenstandartlary" |
|
|
Uzbekistan |
Uzstandard |
|
|
Ukraine |
Gospotrebstandart of Ukraine |
4 By the Decree of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization and Metrology dated November 25, 2003 N 332-st, the interstate standard GOST 7.1-2003 was put into effect directly as the national standard of the Russian Federation from July 1, 2004.
5 INSTEAD OF GOST 7.1-84, GOST 7.16-79, GOST 7.18-79, GOST 7.34-81, GOST 7.40-82
1 area of use
This standard establishes general requirements and rules for compiling a bibliographic description of a document, its part or group of documents: a set of areas and elements of a bibliographic description, the sequence of their arrangement, the content and method of presenting elements, the use of prescribed punctuation and abbreviations.
The standard applies to the description of documents, which is compiled by libraries, scientific and technical information bodies, state bibliography centers, publishers, and other bibliographic institutions.
The standard does not apply to bibliographic references.
This standard uses references to the following interstate standards:
GOST 7.0-99 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Information and library activities, bibliography. Terms and Definitions
GOST 7.4-95 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Editions. Imprint
G OST 7.5-98 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Magazines, collections, information publications. Publishing design of published materials
GOST 7.9-95 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Abstract and abstract. General requirements
GOST 7.11-78 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Abbreviation of words and phrases in foreign European languages in the bibliographic description
GOST 7.12-93 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Bibliographic record. Abbreviation of words in Russian. General requirements and rules
GOST 7.59-2003 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Document indexing. General requirements for systematization and subject matter
GOST 7.76-96 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Acquisition of the fund of documents. Bibliography. Cataloging. Terms and Definitions
GOST 7.80-2000 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Bibliographic record. Title. General requirements and drafting rules
GOST 7.82-2001 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description of electronic resources. General requirements and drafting rules
GOST 7.83-2001 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Electronic publications. Main views and output information
Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the territory of the state according to the corresponding index of standards compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in the current year. If the reference document is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replaced (modified) standard. If the referenced document is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the link to it is given applies to the extent that this link is not affected.
3 Terms and definitions
This standard uses the terms according to GOST 7.0, GOST 7.76, GOST 7.83.
4 General provisions
4.1 The bibliographic description contains bibliographic information about the document, given according to certain rules that establish the content and sequence of areas and elements, and are intended for identification and general characteristics of the document.
The bibliographic description is the main part of the bibliographic record. A bibliographic record may also include a title, indexing terms (classification indices and subject headings), annotation (abstract), document storage codes, references to additional bibliographic records, date of completion of document processing, information of an official nature.
The formation of the title of a bibliographic record is regulated by GOST 7.80. Formation of classification indices and subject headings - according to GOST 7.59. Annotation (abstract) - according to GOST 7.9.
4.2 The objects of compiling a bibliographic description are all types of published (including deposited) and unpublished documents on any media - books, serial and other continuing resources, musical, cartographic, audiovisual, pictorial, regulatory and technical documents, microforms, electronic resources, other three-dimensional artificial or natural objects; constituent parts of documents; groups of homogeneous and heterogeneous documents.
4.2.1 By the number of parts, objects of description are distinguished, consisting of one part (single-part objects), and objects of description, consisting of two or more parts (multi-part objects).
A single-part object is a one-time document or a separate physical unit of a multi-part document on one physical medium: a single-volume document or a separate volume (issue) of a multi-volume document, a separate component of a complete document, serial or other continuing resource.
A multi-part object is a document representing a collection of individual physical units on the same or different physical media, a multi-volume document, a complete document, a serial or other continuing resource.
4.2.2 An object may also be an integral part of a single-part document or a multi-part document unit.
4.3 Depending on the structure of the description, a single-level and multi-level bibliographic description is distinguished.
4.3.1 A single-level description contains one level. It is compiled for a single-part document, a completed multi-part document as a whole, a separate physical item, as well as a group of physical items of a multi-part document (see clause 5).
4.3.2 A multi-level description contains two or more levels. It is compiled for a multi-part document (multi-volume or complete document as a whole, serial or other continuing resource as a whole) or for a separate physical unit, as well as a group of physical units of a multi-part document - one or more volumes (issues, numbers, parts) of a multi-volume, complete document , serial or other continuing resource (see section 6).
4.4 The bibliographic description includes the following areas:
1 - title area and information about responsibility;
2 - publication area;
3 - area of specific information;
4 - output data area;
5 - area of physical characteristics;
6 - area of the series;
7 - note area;
8 - the area of the standard number (or its alternative) and availability conditions.
4.5 Description areas consist of elements that are divided into mandatory and optional. The description can contain only mandatory elements or mandatory and optional.
4.5.1 Mandatory elements contain bibliographic information that provides identification of the document. They are given in any description.
If an obligatory element common to the descriptions included in the bibliographic manual is placed in the title of the bibliographic manual or its sections, then, as a rule, it is not repeated in each description (for example, the name of the author in the index of works of one author, the name of the publisher in the publishing catalog, date of publication in the chronological list of works, etc.).
4.5.2 Optional elements contain bibliographic information that provides additional information about the document. The set of optional elements defines the institution in which the description is written. It must be constant for a certain information array.
With the greatest completeness, optional elements are given in descriptions for state bibliographic indexes, library catalogs (in card and electronic form), databases of large universal scientific libraries and centers of state bibliography.
4.6 Areas and elements are given in the established sequence, which is presented in the list of section 5. Individual areas and elements may be repeated. Bibliographic information relating to different elements, but grammatically related in one sentence, is recorded in the preceding element.
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing
Bibliographic link. General requirements and drafting rules
System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing.
bibliographic reference. General requirements and rules of making
OKS 01.140.30
Introduction date 2009-01-01
The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for the application of national standards of the Russian Federation - GOST R 1.0-2004 "Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic provisions"
Intelligence about the standard
1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Institution "Russian Book Chamber" of the Federal Agency for Press and Mass Communications
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 191 "Scientific and technical information, librarianship and publishing"
3 This standard has been developed taking into account the main regulatory provisions of the international standard ISO 690:1987 "Documentation - Bibliographic references - Content, form and structure" (ISO 690:1987 "Information and documentation - Bibliographic references - Content, form and structure") and the international standard ISO 690-2:1997 "Information and documentation - Bibliographic references - Part 2: Electronic documents or parts thereof", NEQ)
4 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated April 28, 2008 N 95-st
5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
1 area of use
This standard establishes general requirements and rules for compiling a bibliographic reference: main types, structure, composition, location in documents.
This standard applies to bibliographic references used in published and unpublished documents in any medium.
The standard is intended for authors, editors, publishers.
FULL VERSION IS POSSIBLE DOWNLOAD ON THE LINK BELOW.
At the end of the work is placed a list of references ("list of references", "bibliographic list") used in the work on the topic. The list is written on a new page under the appropriate heading and should contain from 20 to 40 sources (Appendix 4).
The list of references includes scientific sources, regulations, educational and methodological and educational literature that the author used when studying the topic and writing a term paper.
Options for the location of literature in the list:
Alphabetical;
By document type.
Alphabetical arrangement sources means that a strict word alphabet of bibliographic description headings (authors or titles) is maintained; an alphabetical row in Cyrillic (Russian, Bulgarian, etc.) and a row in languages with Latin letters (English, French, German, etc.) P.)
When located by document type The material in the list of references is first arranged according to the types of publications: books, articles, official documents, standards, etc., and inside the section - alphabetically (author or title).
Bibliographic references should contain bibliographic information about another document cited, considered or mentioned in the text of the document (its component part or group of documents), necessary and sufficient for its identification, search and general characteristics. Bibliographic references are distinguished by their location in the document:
Intratext, placed in the text of the document;
Interlinear, removed from the text down the lines of the document (in a footnote);
Beyond the text, taken out of the text of the document or part of it (into a callout).
Intratext Bibliographic references are enclosed in parentheses. Reference example: (Melnikov V.P., Kleimenov S.A., Petrakov A.M. Information security and information protection: textbook. M., 2006. P. 56).
[i] Tarasova V.I. Political history of Latin America: textbook. for universities. - 2nd ed. - M.: Prospect, 2006. - S. 305 - 412.
A general list of reference books on terminology, covering the time no later than the middle of the 20th century, is given by the work of the bibliographer I.M. Kaufman.
Applications may contain: text documents, sample methods, graphs, charts, diagrams, maps, tables, calculations. They serve to illustrate or prove certain provisions of the problem under study. Applications are placed after the list of references and numbered in the order of mention in the text in Arabic numerals with solid numbering (Appendix 1, Appendix 2 ...).
Applications should carry an important semantic load in the course work. All applications included in the work must be indicated in the text of the course work.
Applications
Fight and seek, find and never give up!
We are glad to welcome you on the pages of our site for all adults who are not indifferent to the Russian language, to the upbringing and education of the younger generation in a multilingual and multicultural world.
Purpose of the site we see it in uniting and providing everyone with information about the situation with teaching and learning Russian as a second native language in the world. This site is for caring, curious, creative individuals. The site is not one organization, but all its authors.
The main task– information support for Russian-speaking educational centers both in the framework of their regular work and in project activities.
On the main page you will meet monthly with interesting people working in the field of bilingual education, and information about the latest news from Russian and foreign publishers on the topics of the site - for parents and teachers. Here you can also find "burning" announcements about competitions, seminars, projects, etc. (Theme of the month) What will be the face of the site is up to you: send stories about your colleagues - people who are in love with our common cause; about teaching aids, without which the lesson will become boring.
List of references and applications
Approximate volume of chapter 3 - 18-25 pages.
Chapter 3
Chapter 3, devoted to the results of the study and their discussion, provides experimental material. It is more expedient to present it in a logical sequence in separate paragraphs. In this chapter, the student solves the tasks with the results of the study.
The results of measurements are drawn up in the form of protocols, which are included in the appendix; in the text, the author operates only with average indicators obtained as a result of statistical processing of experimental data. The results of statistical data processing are drawn up as an application (tables), graphs, drawings, diagrams, diagrams built on their basis are placed in the text. Be sure to indicate the reliability of the results of the study. After the description of the obtained material, its analysis and discussion follow - comparison with the data of other studies, and one's own judgment is expressed on the merits of the results obtained.
Analysis, generalization, interpretation of research results is the most important stage of scientific work, characterizing the student's creative abilities, his independence, knowledge of the problem. This stage of the work provides for discussion of the results of the experimental study. For this you need:
- highlight the main provisions for analysis;
- to determine the logical sequence of the issues under discussion;
- compare the facts obtained in the experiment with the results of other authors (they may coincide, not coincide, contradict);
- to assess the reasons causing the discrepancy in the results (different conditions, different age, heterogeneous contingent, insufficiently long experiment, etc.);
- to determine from the standpoint of what scientific theory or concept the results obtained can be explained;
- give a conclusion on the confirmation (or refutation) of the working hypothesis.
After chapter 3 follow conclusions, which must be in line with the objectives of the work. Conclusions should be brief, specific and follow from the results of the actual research material. The conclusions indicate the main results obtained during the study, which confirm the hypothesis put forward or refute it and the reliability of the results obtained.
The conclusions should reflect the essence of the work in accordance with the chosen topic, the relevance of the problem, the working hypothesis, the purpose and objectives of the study. They are presented in a concise form and answer the tasks set in the study. The conclusions apply only to the areas of activity, contingent and age groups considered in the study.
The number of conclusions may exceed the number of targets set if several indicators or assessment methods were used to achieve one set target.
After conclusions are drawn up practical advice according to the results of the study. The practical recommendations indicate the practical significance of the results of the study, specify the effectiveness and efficiency of the classes, and also indicate the possibility of applying the proposed methodology, a set of exercises used in the study, in practice.
List of used literature compiled in accordance with the rules of the bibliographic description of the source in accordance with GOST. The list includes only those references to which references have been made in the main text. First, literary sources of domestic authors are placed, then foreign authors and then Internet sources. In the main text, the reference to the source is given as a serial number in square brackets.
Applications represent a part of the text that has additional meaning, but is necessary for a more complete coverage of the topic and are placed at the end of the WRC.
The applications include survey cards, protocols of pedagogical observations, testing, functional tests, sample questionnaires, etc. Also, the application contains sets of exercises, abstracts of classes, lessons conducted during the study. Scenarios of events, photo albums, videos and other illustrated material can be presented as an application. The application may also include regulatory documents, instructions and rules, programs, questionnaires, etc.
The form of applications may be as follows: text, tables, drawings, diagrams, etc. Applications should not include materials that are not directly related to the content of the work. Each document is assigned a serial number (in Arabic, less often in Roman numerals). The application number (without the number sign) is placed in the upper right corner above the heading. The text of the WRC must necessarily contain references to the material presented in the appendix.
Section 2. REGISTRATION OF THE FINAL QUALIFICATION WORK
The final qualifying work must have a title page, content, introduction, text chapters with illustrative material, conclusions, practical recommendations (if any), a list of references, applications. The final qualifying work is handed over in a bound form. The rules for the design of the title page are presented in Appendix 1.
The text of the WRC must meet the following requirements:
- compliance with the problem under study, completeness of the presentation of the experimental material, accuracy of word usage;
- consistency and clear construction of parts of the work, the subordination of each part of the presentation to the main goal of the work, the development of subtopics, a logical transition from one position to another;
- compliance with the basic norms of the Russian language (spelling, punctuation, lexical, grammatical, stylistic), the correct word order in a sentence, the selection of paragraphs;
- compliance with the scientific style of presentation.
The student is responsible for the quality of the written text, therefore, before submitting the work to the supervisor, it is necessary to carefully proofread the text using computer programs; check last names, initials, year of publication of cited authors. Works that do not meet the specified requirements are returned to the author for revision and correction of comments.
The WRC must be printed on one side of a white A4 standard sheet (210x297 mm). Page options are set as follows. Margins: top and bottom - 20 mm; right 10 mm; left - 30 mm; bottom 25 mm. The text of the WRC is typed at 1.5 intervals.
Text hyphenation is not allowed.
Each line should contain no more than 60-65 characters, including spacing between words.
Font - Plain Times New Roman. Font size - 14. Font spacing - regular, no offset.
Alignment of the main text in width.
Rubrication is a system of interrelated headings, including the titles of chapters, paragraphs and subparagraphs. Each WRC section begins on a new page (Table of Contents, List of Abbreviations, Introduction, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Conclusion, Conclusions, Practical Recommendations, References, Appendices).
Rubrication steps are indicated in font; chapters, paragraphs and subparagraphs are numbered with Arabic numerals, respectively: 1., 1.1., 1.1.1. The title of the chapter is printed in capital (capital) letters in direct 14 font, paragraphs - in straight lowercase letters 14 in bold, subparagraphs - in 14 bold italics. Underlining is not recommended. Each chapter, introduction, bibliography begins on a new page, paragraphs and subparagraphs - on the same page where the previous one ends. Introduction, list of references, conclusions, practical recommendations and appendices are not indicated by numbers.
Headings of sections and subsections are written in the center, separating them from the main text with two intervals (1.0 x 2). Do not put dots at the end of headings and subheadings.
The text should be divided into paragraphs, which distinguish parts that are relatively separate in meaning. Each paragraph begins with a red line, the indent is 125 mm (tabs - 125 mm).
Each page of the WRC should be numbered except for the title page and table of contents.
Page numbering is at the top center. The first is the title page, the second is the content, without a digital designation. Further from the third, all pages, including illustrations and applications, are numbered in order from the title page without gaps and repetitions.
In the text of the WRC, it is possible to use the following terms and phrases:
1. The use of uniform terms must be maintained throughout the work. One should not write “motor qualities” in one case, and “physical qualities” in the other, although these concepts are identical.
2. It is not recommended to present the results of personal research on your own behalf, (I affirm, I openly, etc.) It is better to use the expressions: “As the analysis showed ...”, “based on the proposed methodology ...”, “relevance problems and its insufficient study allowed to formulate...”, “revealed...”, “established...”, “the above allows to consider...”, etc.
3. Do not abuse introductory phrases at the beginning of the phrase: “should be emphasized”, “should be noted”, “is of interest”, “besides”, “more than that”, etc.
4. You should not use single-root words in one sentence (school, schoolchildren, school curriculum). It is better to replace them with synonyms (schoolchildren: students, children, students) or rebuild the phrase.
The following word abbreviations are allowed in the WRC text: i.e., etc., etc., etc., etc. It is unacceptable to abbreviate complex conjunctions and phrases like: since, so-called, thus, because what, so, including.
In the scientific and methodological literature, such abbreviated words as heart rate, OFP, AFK, DOW, cerebral palsy, etc. are often used, which are called an abbreviation. References to previous pages of the text are abbreviated, in brackets. For example ... (p. 8).
The list of abbreviations used in the work must be specified before the introduction. It is not allowed to use abbreviations in the topic of the work, content and introduction.
A book (quoted) bibliographic list (a list of used sources and literature) is a bibliographic manual containing bibliographic descriptions of the used (cited, considered, mentioned) and (or) recommended documents.
The list of references is an obligatory part of a term paper, diploma or other scientific work and shows the student's ability to put into practice the knowledge gained in the study of relevant academic disciplines, reflects the independent creative work done by the author to collect and analyze the material, documented and substantiates the reliability and accuracy of the cited in the text of the work of facts, statistics, quotations and other information borrowed from various sources. A well-composed list and the given bibliographic references and footnotes to a certain extent are also an expression of scientific ethics and the culture of scientific work. Therefore, the issues of compiling and designing a bibliographic list and providing bibliographic references in scientific work should be given the most serious attention. Compiling a list is a lengthy process that begins simultaneously with the choice of a topic for work. It is necessary to maintain a bibliographic card index, writing out from catalogs, card indexes, bibliographic manuals, lists the output of all publications that may be relevant to the research topic. When reading each source, the bibliographic data are checked and specified. Quotations, factual, statistical and other information are issued with an exact indication of the page on which they were published.
Grouping material in the bibliography
It is recommended to submit a single list to the work as a whole. Each source is only mentioned once in the list, regardless of how often it is referenced in the text. The list must be numbered. Depending on what principle underlies the grouping of works, the following types of bibliography are distinguished:
Alphabetical , in which the records are arranged alphabetically by the names of the authors and / or titles of works, if the author's name is not indicated. Records are recommended to be arranged as follows:
1) if the first words of the titles coincide - in alphabetical order of the second, etc. 2) in the presence of works by one author - in the alphabet of titles; 3) in the presence of namesake authors - by initials; 4) with several works of authors written by them in co-authorship with others - in alphabetical order of co-authors. Abalkin L. I. Abelin A. P. Alekseev D. I. Alekseev M. P. Alekseeva T. A. Alekseeva-Beskina T. I.
Systematic, in which all books, articles and other materials are selected according to branches of knowledge, individual issues, topics in a logical subordination of individual headings, general literature covering a wide range of issues is indicated at the beginning of the list, and then material on individual topics follows;
Chronological, in chronological order (forward or backward) of publication of documents. It is used for works on the history of science, the history of the study of a particular issue, in works devoted to the activities of a certain person;
By type of publications, in which the following groups of publications are distinguished: official state, normative - instructive, reference, etc.
The most convenient is alphabetical a way of arranging the material without division by species (for example: books, articles), since in this case the works are collected in author's complexes. The works of one author are listed alphabetically by titles or by year of publication, in direct chronological order (this grouping order allows you to follow the dynamics of the views of a certain author on the problem)
Atamanchuk G. V. The essence of public service Atamanchuk G. V. Theory of public administration Atamanchuk G. V. Management - social value and efficiency Official documents occupy a special place in the bibliography. They are always placed at the beginning of the list in a certain order: the Constitution; Codes; Laws; Decrees of the President; Government Decree; Other normative acts (letters, orders, etc.). Within each group, documents are arranged in chronological order.
If listed sources in other languages, except for Russian, an additional alphabetic row is formed, i.e. literature in foreign languages is placed at the end of the list after literature in Russian. At the same time, bibliographic records in foreign European languages are combined into one row.
Bibliographic description of documents
Each document included in the list must be described in accordance with the requirements:
GOST 7. 1-2003 “Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description of the document. General requirements and drafting rules”,
GOST R 7.0.12-2011 “Bibliographic record. Abbreviation of words and phrases in Russian. General requirements and rules”,
GOST 7.11-2004 (ISO 832:1994) “Bibliographic record. Abbreviations of words and phrases in foreign European languages.
The most common abbreviations in bibliographic records are: issue - issue selected works - fav. op.; book - book; interuniversity collection of scientific papers - interuniversity. Sat. scientific tr.; under the editorship - under the editorship; complete works - complete. coll. op.; collection of scientific papers - Sat. scientific tr.; collection of works - Sat. tr.; collected works - collected works. op.; compiler - comp.; page - p.; volume - t .; translation from ... - per. With … Cities are abbreviated: Moscow - M., Nizhny Novgorod - N. Novgorod, Petrograd - Pg., Rostov-on-Don - Rostov n / D., St. Petersburg - St. Petersburg, Leningrad - L.The names of other cities are indicated in full. Renaming the city does not affect the indication of the place of publication.
If two places of publication are indicated on the title page, they are given separated by a semicolon.
M.; SPb.
Bibliographic description - a set of bibliographic information about a document, its component part or group of documents, given according to certain rules and necessary and sufficient for the general characteristics and identification of the document.
Punctuation in the bibliographic description performs two functions - the usual grammatical punctuation marks and prescribed punctuation marks, i.e., signs that have an identifying character for the elements of the bibliographic description. The prescribed punctuation is punctuation marks and mathematical signs:
. - dot and dash. dot, comma: colon; semicolon / slash // two slashes () parentheses square brackets
A dot is placed at the end of the bibliographic description.
The general scheme of the bibliographic description of a separately published document includes the following mandatory elements:
1. Title (surname, name, patronymic of the author or the first of the authors, if there are two, three or more) 2. Title (book title indicated on the title page) 3. Information related to the title(reveal the subject, type, genre, purpose of the document, etc.) 4. Statement of responsibility(contain information about authors, compilers, editors, translators, etc.; about organizations on whose behalf the document is published) 5. Edition statement(repetitions, revisions, additions) 6. Place of publication (name of the city where the document was published) 7. Publishing house or publishing organization 8. Year of publication 9. Volume (information on the number of pages, sheets)The source of information for the bibliographic description is the title page or other parts of the document that replace it.
Schema of the bibliographic description
Description title. Title proper: information relating to the title / statement of responsibility. - Publication information. – Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication. - Volume.
Examples of bibliographic description
Books without an author
Political science: textbook. allowance / comp. A. Ivanov. - St. Petersburg. : Highest. school, 2003. - 250 p.
Fundamentals of political science: a dictionary / ed. A. G. Belova, P. A. Semin. - M. : Thought, 2005. - 350 p.
Small business: development prospects: Sat. Art. / ed. V. S. Azhaeva. - M. : INION, 1991. - 147 p.
Books by the same author
Ignatov, V. G. Public service of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Experience in comparative legal analysis: scientific and practical. allowance / V. G. Ignatov. - Rostov n / D: SKAGS, 2000. - 319 p.
Bazarov, T. Yu. Personnel management: textbook. allowance / T. Yu. Bazarov. - M. : Academy, 2003. - 218 p.
Balabanov, I.T. Currency transactions / I.T. Balabanov. - M. : Finance and statistics, 1993. - 144 p.
Books by two authors
Cornelius, X. Everyone can win: How to resolve conflicts / X. Cornelius, 3. Fair; per. P. E. Patrusheva. - M. : Stringer, 1992. - 116 p.
Smirnov, K. Higher mathematics: textbook / K. Smirnov, V. Petrov. - M. : University, 2003. - 220 p.
Agafonova, N. N. Civil law: textbook. allowance / N. N. Agafonova, T. V. Bogacheva; under total ed. A. G. Kalpina. - M. : Lawyer, 2002. - 542 p.
Ershov, A. D. Information management in the customs system / A. D. Ershov, P. S. Konopaeva. - St. Petersburg. : Knowledge, 2002. - 232 p.
Ignatov, V. G. Professional culture and professionalism of the public service: the context of history and modernity / V. G. Ignatov, V. K. Belolipetsky. - Rostov n / D: March, 2000. - 252 p.
Books by three authors
Kiselev, V.V. Analysis of the scientific potential / V. V. Kiselev, T. E. Kuznetsova, Z. Z. Kuznetsov. - M. : Nauka, 1991. - 126 p.
Gromov, S. Economics: Sat. Art. / S. Gromov, N. Tikhonov, T. Glushkova. - M. : EKSMO, 2001. - 230 p.
Zhuravlev, P. V. World experience in personnel management: a review of foreign sources / P. V. Zhuravlev, M. N. Kulapov, S. A. Sukharev. – M. : Ros. Economy Acad. ; Ekaterinburg: Business book, 1998. - 232 p.
Ayatskov, D.F., Naumov S.Yu., Suetenkov E.N. Personnel potential of local governments: problems and experience of evaluation / D.F. Ayatskov. - Saratov: PAGS, 2001. - 135 p.
Books by four or more authors
Management activity: structure, functions, staff skills / K. D. Skripnik [and others]. - M. : Prior, 1999. - 189 p.
Philosophy: university course: textbook / S. A. Lebedev [and others]; under total ed. S. A. Lebedeva. - M. : Grand, 2003. - 525 p.
Personnel management: from facts to the possibilities of the future: textbook. allowance / A. A. Brass [and others] - Minsk: UE "Technoprint", 2002. -387 p.
Dictionaries and encyclopedias
Social Philosophy: Dictionary / ed. ed. V. E. Kemerova, T. Kh. Kerimova. - M. : Academic Project, 2003. - 588 p.
Ozhegov, S. I. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language / S. I. Ozhegov, N. Yu. Shvedova. - M. : Azbukovnik, 2000. - 940 p.
Chernyshev, V. N. Personnel training: a dictionary / V. N. Chernyshev, A. P. Dvinin. - St. Petersburg. : Energoatomizdat, 2000. - 143 p.
Economic Encyclopedia / E. I. Aleksandrova [and others]. - M. : Economics, 1999. - 1055 p.
Multi-volume editions
History of Diplomacy: In 5 vols. T. 5. / ed. A. A. Gromyko. - M. : Gospolitizdat, 1959. - 766 p.
Official documents
Constitution of the Russian Federation: official. text. - M.: OS-89, 2000. 48 p.
On the execution of the federal budget for 2003: Feder. Law of April 4, 2005 No. 30-FZ // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. - 2005. - No. 15. Art. 1275.
On the system and structure of federal executive bodies: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 9, 2004 No. 314 // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. -2004. - No. 11. - Art. 945.
On the investment fund of the Russian Federation: Government Decree of November 23, 2005 No. 694 // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. - 2005. - No. 48. - Art. 5043.
Analytical description
Analytical is the description of the component part of the document (articles, chapters, etc.), which looks like this:
Information about the component // Information about the document in which the component is placed. – Information about the location of the component in the document.
From the dictionary
Interpersonal Relations // Personnel Management: Encyclopedic Dictionary / ed. A. Ya. Kibanova [i dr.]. - M. : INFRA-M, 1998. - S. 240 - 241.
Rudnev, V. P. Modern in art / V. P. Rudnev // Dictionary of culture of the XX century: key concepts and texts. - M. : Agraf, 1999. - S.119-124.
Periodicals
Newspaper articles
Titov V. Banking system of the North-West of Russia / V. Titov // Economics and life. - 2005. - No. 1. - P. 38.
Serov A. Results of nationalization / A. Serov // Izvestiya. - 2000. - June 14. - p. 5.
Articles from magazines
Terentyeva T. Banking services: supply and demand / T. Terentyeva // Money and credit. - 2005. - no. 12. - S. 54-57.
Bekov T. Constitutional conflicts / T. Bekov // State and Law. - 2004. - No. 11. - P.19-25
The role of law in securing interests in the Federation // Journal of Russian Law. - 2005. - no. 12. -S. 141-146
Electronic resources of local access
(with information recorded on a separate physical medium)
Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius 2000 [Electronic resource]. - M .: Cyril and Methodius, 2000. - 2 electron. opt. disk
Remote Access Electronic Resources
(represented on the Internet or intranets)
Guide: how to create content and write texts for websites? [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://arcobaleno-ru.livejournal.com/16328.html.
Making bibliographic references
Bibliographic reference - contains bibliographic information about another document cited, considered or mentioned in the text of the document (its component part or group of documents), necessary and sufficient for its identification, search and general characteristics.
The objects of compiling a bibliographic reference are all types of published and unpublished documents on any media (including electronic resources of local and remote access), as well as component parts of documents.
According to the composition of the elements, a bibliographic reference can be full or short, depending on the type of reference, its purpose, the presence of bibliographic information in the text of the document.
When writing a scientific work, the author is obliged to draw up bibliographic references to the source of information in accordance with the requirements GOST R 7.0.5-2008 Bibliographic reference. General requirements and drafting rules http://protect.gost.ru
The following links are distinguished by their location in the document:
SUBLINE (most common)
- are placed at the bottom of the page, under the main text, from which they are separated by a horizontal line of arbitrary length.
The numbering of links is independent for each page.
In the text: The daily turnover of the world foreign exchange market ranges from 500 million to 4 trillion. US dollars. 1
in the link:
1. Foreign exchange market and foreign exchange regulation. M., 1989. S. 23
In the text: If a language is a set of lexico-phraseological and grammatical means used by its speakers for the purposes of communication, influence, then style is the techniques, methods, manner of their use. 1
in the link:
_____________________________
1. Rosenthal D. E. Speak and write in Russian correctly. M., 2009. P.12
In the text: References may be needed to present to a bank, a company, an embassy, a pension fund. 1
in the link:
_____________________________
1. Doronina L. You were asked to issue a certificate ... // Personnel business. - 2006. - No. 9. - P. 35
or
1. Doronina L. You were asked to issue a certificate // Personnel business. 2006. No. 9. P. 35
INTERNATIONAL – are placed directly on the line after the text to which they refer and are enclosed in parentheses.
In the text: The cargo turnover of the port amounted to 3.6 million tons (Voprosy ekonomiki. 2010. No. 3. P. 5-12)
In the text: The object of taxation by the exchange tax is the turnover of securities on the stock exchange (Lazareva N.V. Taxes and taxation: study guide. Rostov n / D, 2009.)
In the text: One hundred years ago, V. O. Klyuchevsky wrote: “Asia enlightened Europe, and Europe conquered Asia. Now Europe enlightens Asia. Will Asia repeat the same operation over Europe? (Klyuchevsky V. O. Letters. Diaries. Aphorisms and thoughts about history. M., 1968. P. 34)
OVER-TEXT
- are used to link the text of the document with the bibliographic list. They are denoted by square brackets, which contain the serial number of the source in the list and specific pages on which information is used or cited in the source itself:
, Where 8
- serial number in the bibliographic list, With. 45- page
In the text: Exchange tax is a tax on exchange turnover. The object of taxation is the turnover of securities on the stock exchange.
In the bibliography:
12. The securities market: textbook. allowance / E. F. Zhukov [and others]. - M. Vuzovsky textbook, 2010. - 253 p.
When recording several bibliographic references to one document in a row on one page, the words "Ibid" are given in the repeated reference and the corresponding pages are indicated.
primary:(Political conflictology. M., 2002. S. 169-178)
repeated:(ibid.)
primary:
repeated: [ibid., p. 42]
Features of compiling bibliographic references to electronic resources
The objects of compiling a bibliographic reference are electronic resources of local and remote access. Links are both to electronic resources in general (electronic documents, databases, portals, sites, web pages, forums, etc.) and to components of electronic resources (sections and parts of electronic documents, portals, sites, publications in electronic serials, forum posts, web pages, etc.)
For electronic remote access resources, a note is given about the access mode in which the abbreviation "URL" (Uniform Resource Locator) is used. Information about the protocol for accessing a network resource (http, etc.) and its electronic address are given in the format of a uniform resource locator. After the e-mail address, in parentheses, information about the date of access to the electronic network resource is given: after the words “date of access”, the day, month and year are indicated.
4 Skopina I. V. The role of a single regional information resource in the global economic space. URL: http://region. mcnip.ru /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=97 (accessed 11/27/10)
5 Guide: how to create content and write texts for websites? URL: http://arcobaleno-ru.livejournal.com/16328.html (date of access: 02/13/11)
Links to full-text databases, access to which is limited ("Code", "ConsultantPlus", "EBSCO", "Integrum", etc.) provide the following information: 1999 No. 81-FZ (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on 01/01/2009). Access from the reference-legal system "ConsultantPlus"
