A big problem is the lack of power transformers for amateur radio designs. There are fewer and fewer TANs, TNs, TAs and TPPs on the market, and their quality leaves much to be desired.
It should also be noted that the quality of steel cores is a lottery! I came across cores from TC180, which differed in initial magnetic permeability by 5 (!!!) times.
The quality of OSM-0.4, OSM-0.63, OSM-1.0 cores produced before 1982 is more or less stable. Various vehicles, TPs, etc. must be measured in advance.
Security forces at TSSh170.
The most common iron is TSSh170:
set USH30*60 mm, window 19*53 mm.
In the original, the primary has 2 turns per volt, which gives an induction of 1.25 Tesla, which, to put it mildly, is too much for this iron.
Here are the options for a good and very good security officer on this hardware.
1. Bmax = 0.8 T.
A) Primary - 675 turns of PEV-1 wire with a diameter of 0.63 (0.67) mm, 9 layers of 75 turns per layer. The active resistance of the primary is 8.2 ohms.
B) Copper foil screen.
C) Secondary - 270+270+270+270 turns of PEV-1 wire with a diameter of 0.51 (0.55) mm, 4 sections of 3 layers of 90 turns per layer. We connect the end of the first section with the beginning of the fourth, the end of the second with the beginning of the third. We get symmetrical half-windings with an active resistance of 12.3 +12.3 ohms.
At the same time, on the secondary there are 175+175 volts. You can power the output stages using ES36-, 6S19P, 6S41S, 6S33S lamps.
Such a trans will be able to handle 140 watts of load, which is quite good.
2. Bmax = 0.7 T.
For special gourmets
A) Primary - 780 turns of PEV-1 wire with a diameter of 0.59 (0.64) mm, 10 layers of 78 turns each.
The active resistance of the primary is 10.9 ohms.
B) Copper foil screen.
C) The secondary is the same as in the first example: 1080 turns of 0.51 (0.55) mm wire. Only in this case will it produce 290 volts of alternating time, say, for a pair of 300V or 6P42S.
This trance is 120 W, also tolerable.
I note that for Andrei Nikitin and some other home-made people, I wound transformers with an induction of 0.6 Tesla on this hardware - an almost extremely low Bmax value!
Security forces on TS180-2, TS250-2M.
This iron is also very widespread.
Let's see what we can make with it.
PLR21*45 with a window 28*86 mm.
Winding dimensions - 11*80 mm.
We wind the power supply for the GU72:
A) Primary - 1368 turns of PETV-2 wire with a diameter of 0.63 (0.69) mm, 6 layers of 114 turns on each coil. The active resistance of the primary is 12.4 ohms.
B) Copper foil screen.
C) Secondary - 3540 turns of PEV-1 wire with a diameter of 0.4 (0.45) mm, 10 layers of 177 turns on each coil. Active resistance 49+49 ohms. We remove 275+275 volts from the secondary. For GU72, GMI11, GM5B and similar lamps - just the thing!
Such a power supply will pull 140 watts, i.e. you can connect a PAIR of GU72, with a total current of about 250 mA. And all this at Bmax = 0.77 Tesla!
Security officer on TCA270.
This iron, with a modest cross-section PL25*45, has a gigantic window: 40*100 mm.
Those. you can wind more wire
To obtain an induction of 0.8 T, you need to wind 1100 turns.
Let's rewind:
A) Primary - 1104 turns of PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 0.95 (1.03) mm, 6 layers of 92 turns on each coil. The active resistance of the primary is 4.8 ohms.
B) Copper foil screen.
C) Secondary - 3120 turns of PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 0.67 (0.73) mm, 12 layers of 130 turns per layer. Active resistance - 18+18 ohms.
At the same time, on the secondary there are 306+306 volts.
The resulting trance can easily handle 310 watts.
Security officer on TS270-1.
This trance has a larger piece of hardware: PL25*50.
For the same Bmax, fewer turns are needed - 990.
A) Primary - 984 turns of PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 1.08 (1.15) mm, each coil has 6 layers of 82 turns. The active resistance of the primary is 3.5 ohms.
B) Copper foil screen.
C) Secondary - 2600 turns of PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 0.67 (0.73) mm, 10 layers of 130 turns on each coil. The active resistance of the secondary is 15.6+15.6 ohms. Variable voltage 285+285 volts.
This trance will tolerate 400 volts.
Security officer on OSM-0.4.
These security forces were initially designed for an outrageously high induction - 1.5 Tesla.
Hence all their shortcomings.
At normal induction - 0.8 Tesla - they are quite good.
A) Primary - 612 turns of PETV-2 wire with a diameter of 0.9 (0.96) mm, 9 layers of 68 turns per layer. The active resistance of the primary is 3.85 ohms.
B) Copper foil screen.
B) Secondary - 276+276+276+276 turns of PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 0.67 (0.725) mm.
Each section has three layers of 92 turns. The end of the first section is connected to the beginning of the fourth, the end of the second to the beginning of the third. We get two half-windings with an active resistance of 8+8 ohms. The alternating voltage on the secondary is 195+195 volts.
Such a trans will pull 350 W (at a current density in the primary of 2.5 A/mm2, the power of all the above-described trans is indicated at 2A/mm2).
Security forces on TS70, TS80, TS90, TS100.
All these transformers, which go by different names, are based on PLM22*32 iron with a window of 22*60 mm. Winding dimensions 9*54 mm.
Fortunately, their hardware is very good and stable in terms of parameters.
You can count them at Bmax = 1 T.
A) Primary - 1470 turns of PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 0.45 (0.51) mm, 7 layers of 105 turns on each coil. The active resistance of the primary is 21.8 ohms.
B) Screen made of thin copper foil.
C) Secondary - 2800 turns of PETV-2 wire with a diameter of 0.335 (0.385) mm, 10 layers of 140 turns on each coil. Active resistance 44+44 ohms.
The voltage on the secondary is 200+200 volts.
The power of such a trance is 90 W at 2.5 A/mm2 in the primary.
Silovik on Ш40*70 with a window 20*60 mm.
Winding dimensions 17*56 mm.
Somehow I came across a whole scattering of these transformers with very good hardware (E3412, apparently).
The window is a bit small, but you can fit something there:
A) Primary - 413 turns of PEV-1 wire with a diameter of 0.88 (0.94) mm, 7 layers of 59 turns per layer. The active resistance of the primary is 3 ohms.
B) Copper foil screen.
C) Secondary - 770 turns of PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 0.67 (0.725) mm, 10 layers of 77 turns each. The active resistance of the secondary is 11.8 ohms. The alternating voltage on it is 400 volts.
The power of such a trance is 335 watts.
Induction in iron is 0.85 Tesla.
Silovik on standard iron ШЛ20*40 with a window 20*52 mm.
Winding dimensions - 17*47 mm.
These trances with Transvit iron also appeared to me suddenly and in large quantities. Iron - E330A - 0.35 (E3413A).
Therefore, I set the induction to 1.1 T:
A) Primary - 1120 turns of PEV-1 wire with a diameter of 0.5 (0.55) mm, 14 layers of 80 turns per layer. The active resistance of the primary is 16 ohms.
B) Copper foil screen.
C) Secondary - 1952 turns of PETV-2 wire with a diameter of 0.335 (0.38) mm, consists of four sections of 4 layers (122 turns per layer), i.e. 488+488+488+488 turns.
Switching is the same as in previous cases: the end of the first section is connected to the beginning of the fourth, the end of the second to the beginning of the third. We get 185+185 volts with an active resistance of the half-windings of 40.6+40.6 ohms.
The power of this transformer is 108 W with a current density in the primary of 2.5 A/mm2.
Silovik on iron PL15*32 with a window 26*82 mm.
This good 100-watt iron (E330A) was used in military devices. It was equipped with very strong-looking (but fragile in reality ) black carbolite coils. Winding dimensions 10.5*76 mm.
Here's what you can get with it:
A) Primary - 1876 turns of PEV-1 wire with a diameter of 0.51 (0.56) mm, each coil has 7 layers of 134 turns. The active resistance of the primary is 19.2 ohms.
B) Copper foil screen.
C) Secondary - 3024 turns of PEV-1 wire with a diameter of 0.4 (0.45) mm, each coil has 9 layers of 168 turns. The active resistance of the secondary is 32.3+32.3 ohms. Alternating voltage - 170+170 volts.
The power of such a transformer is 110 W, Bmax = 1.1 T.
Security officer on the output iron from “Priboy”.
This is iron PLM25*50 with a window 42*68 mm.
The matter is aggravated by extremely stupid coils with a cheek height of only 11 mm, although 18 mm can be made. Therefore, we make new frames with a winding size of 18*64 mm.
A) Primary - 952 turns of PEV-1 wire with a diameter of 0.88 (0.94) mm, each coil has 7 layers of 68 turns per layer. The active resistance of the primary is 5.2 ohms.
B) Copper foil screen.
C) Secondary - 2400 turns of PEV-1 wire with a diameter of 0.57 (0.63) mm, 12 layers of 100 turns on each coil. The active resistance of the half-windings is 20+20 ohms, alternating voltage is 275+275 volts.
The power of this transformer is 330 watts.
Bmax = 0.83 T.
Just a NICE trance
Finally - an option on good old hardware E43-0.35 with a large window.
W32*43 with window 28*60 mm. Winding dimensions - 25*56 mm.
To obtain an induction of 0.8 Tesla, we need to wind 921 turns.
Let's see what happens:
A) Primary - 924 turns of PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 0.67 (0.725) mm, 12 layers of 77 turns per layer. The active resistance of the primary is 8.95 ohms.
B) Copper foil screen.
C) Secondary - 2592 turns of PEV-1 wire with a diameter of 0.45 (0.51) mm, 4 sections of 6 layers (108 turns per layer), i.e. 648+648+648+648 turns. Switching: the end of the first section is connected to the beginning of the fourth, the end of the second to the beginning of the first. The active resistance of the half-windings is 36+36 ohms. Voltage - 300+300 volts alternating.
These options will help you manufacture and calculate transformers with the required voltages on available hardware.
Good luck!
Power transformers, TS-270, ST-270, were produced on split, O-shaped rod cores, made of steel tape E-320, with a cross-section of 25x50 mm, and were intended for installation in color lamp or lamp-semiconductor televisions. For TCA-270 transformers, the core is slightly smaller and has a cross-section of 25x45 mm.
The rated power of the transformers is 270 watts. The primary winding of the transformers is connected to the 220 volt network to terminals 1 and 1", and at the same time terminals 2 and 2" are connected to each other.
The primary winding of these transformers of the latest releases can only be made at 220 volts (pin 3 is missing).
Please note that the skein data given here may vary.on your existing transformers,due to changes in specifications, manufacturers, the passage of time and other conditions and they should be taken only as a basis. If you need to determine more accurately the number of turns of the windings of your existing transformer, wind an additional winding with a known number of turns, measure the voltage on it and use the data obtained to calculate your transformer.
Picture 1.
Appearance of transformers TS-270, ST-270.
These transformers have several modifications, and all of them are interchangeable with each other. These are the types of transformers TS-270-1, TS-270-2, TSA-270-1, TSA-270-2, ST-270-1. TSA power transformers differ from TS transformers in that their windings are made of aluminum wire. This was done to reduce the cost of mass production of transformers.
The transformer circuit is shown in Figure 2, the winding data and electrical characteristics of the transformers are in Table 1.
Figure 2.
Diagram of transformers TS-270, ST-270.
Table 1. Winding data and electrical parameters of transformers type TS-270, ST-270.
|
Transformer type |
Number of turns |
Wire brand and diameter, mm |
Resistance fast. current, Ohm |
Voltage, nom. IN |
Current, nom. A |
||
| Number | conclusions | ||||||
|
TS-270-1 |
I |
1-2-3 |
275+43 |
PEV-1 0.85 |
1,7+0,3 |
110+17 |
1,25 |
|
TCA-270-1 |
I |
1-2-3 |
274+42 |
PEVA 1.16 |
1,2+0,2 |
110+17 |
1,25 |
* - Voltages are given for half-windings (eg 5-15). The voltage of the entire 5-5" winding is equal to 5-15+15"-5".
There may be options for TS-270 transformers, the windings of which 4-4" and 9-9" are made separately.
- Winding 4-4" (4-14+14"-4) corresponds to the data above.
- The 9-9" winding (9-19+19"-9") contains only 6 (3+3) turns, respectively, the total rated voltage of the entire winding is 2.2 volts.
