Designation of keys on the keyboard
F1 - Brings up Windows "help" or the help window of the active program. In Microsoft Word, the Shift+F1 key combination shows text formatting;
F2 - renames the selected object on the desktop or in the explorer window;
F3 - Opens a search window for a file or folder on the desktop and in Explorer. The key combination Shift+F3 is often used to search backwards;
F4- Opens a drop-down list, such as the address bar list in My Computer or File Explorer. Alt+F4 in Windows is used to close applications, and Ctrl+F4− to close part of a document or program (e.g. tabs) ;
F5 - Refreshes the active window of an open web page, desktop, explorer, and so on. In Microsoft PowerPoint, F5 starts the slide show from the beginning, and the key combination Shift + F5− from the current slide;
F6- switch between screen elements in a window or
on the desktop. In File Explorer and Internet Explorer - move between main body
windows and address bar;
F7- checks spelling (in Word, Excel);
F8 - when loading the operating system, selects the boot mode.
In the Word editor, includes advanced text selection.
Selection of a fragment from the initial to the final position of the cursor occurs without holding down the Shift key.
Pressing the F8 key again selects the word closest to the cursor.
The third is a sentence containing it.
Fourth paragraph. Fifth, document.
You can remove the last selection by pressing Shift+F8.
You can disable the mode with the Esc key;
F9 - in some programs updates the selected fields;
F10 - activates the full menu, and the key combination Shift + F10 activates the context menu;
F11 - switches the window to full screen mode and back, for example, in Internet Explorer;
F12- go to the choice of parameters for saving the file
(File -> Save As).
On a standard PC/AT keyboard, the alphanumeric block consists of 47 keys and includes keys for entering letters, numbers, punctuation, arithmetic, and special characters. The result of the action of these keys depends on the case (lower - upper) in which these keys are pressed.
The control keys Shift, Ctrl, Caps Lock, Alt and AltGr (right Alt) are also called modifier keys, as they are intended
to change the actions of other keys.
Shift (read "Shift") - uppercase key (non-fixed switching). Used in conjunction with other keys, such as the alphanumeric keys for typing capital letters and uppercase characters.
In addition, the Shift key is used as a modifier in keyboard shortcuts and on mouse clicks. For example, in order to open a link in a separate window in a browser, you need to click on the link with the mouse button,
while holding down the Shift key.
Ctrl (read "control") - used in combination with other keys, for example:
Ctrl+A- on Windows selects all text in the window;
Ctrl + B- in the MS Word editor switches the font to "bold-normal";
Ctrl+С- in programs with WinAPI copies the text to the buffer, and in console programs it terminates the command;
Ctrl+F- in many programs brings up the search dialog;
Ctrl+I- in MS Word editor switches the font to "italic-normal";
Ctrl + N - in programs with a multi-window interface opens a new empty window;
Ctrl+O- in many programs brings up a dialog for opening an existing file;
Ctrl+P - in many programs sends text to print or calls the print dialog;
Ctrl + Q - exit from it in some programs;
Ctrl+R- in browsers refreshes the contents of the window;
Ctrl+S- saves the current file in many programs
or calls the save dialog;
Ctrl+T- in browsers opens a new tab;
Ctrl+U- in MS Word toggles text underlining;
Ctrl+V- in programs with WinAPI pastes the contents of the clipboard;
Ctrl+W- closes the current window in some programs;
Ctrl+Z- in many programs undoes the last action;
Ctrl+F5- refreshes content in browsers;
Ctrl+Home - in programs with a text field, jumps to the beginning of the document being edited;
Ctrl+End- in programs with a text field jumps to the end of the edited document;
Ctrl+- in Total Commander navigates to the root directory of the disk.
Alt (read "Alt") - used in conjunction with other keys, modifying their action. For example:
Alt + F4 - closes them in all programs;
Alt + F7 - in some programs calls the search dialog;
Alt + F10 - in some file managers, calls a directory tree;
Alt+Tab - on Windows, jumps to the next running window;
Alt+letter - in some programs calls menu commands or opens menu columns.
In addition, the Alt+Shift or Ctrl+Shift key combinations are commonly used to switch keyboard layouts.
Capslock (read "Kapslock") - switching to uppercase mode (fixed switching). Pressing the key again cancels this mode. Used when typing in CAPITAL letters.
The Esc control key (read “Escape”), used to cancel the current operation or last change, minimize the application, go to the previous menu or screen, or deselect, is located in the left corner of the keyboard next to the function key block.
On the Windows operating system, the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Shift+Esc brings up the Task Manager.
Tab (read "Tab") - in text editors, enters a tab character and works with indents, and in graphical interfaces moves focus between elements. For example, moving between the desktop, the Start button, the Quick Launch bar, the taskbar, and the system tray.
The action of the AppsKey is equivalent to a right-click and brings up the context menu
for the selected object.
Line feed key Enter (Enter) - serves to enter a line feed when typing, selecting a menu item, submitting a command for execution or confirming some action, and so on.
Backspace (read "Backspace") - in text editing mode, deletes the character to the left of the cursor, and outside the typing area - returns to the previous program screen or web page in the browser.
Delete (read "Divides") - deletes the selected object, the selected text fragment
or the character to the right of the input cursor.
The Insert key (read “Insert”) is used to switch between the insertion mode (the text seems to be moving apart) and replacement (new characters replace existing text) when editing text.
The keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Insert replaces the "copy" command, and Shift+Insert - "paste". In the file managers Total Commander and FAR Manager, the key is used to select a file or folder.
PrtScn (print screen) (read "Print screen") - takes a screenshot and places it on the clipboard. In combination with the Alt key, the snapshot is copied to the clipboard
currently active window.
The service key ScrLk (Scroll Lock) (read “Scroll Lock”) blocks scrolling and, when activated, the contents of the entire screen are shifted with the cursor keys, which is very convenient when editing large tables, for example, in Excel.
Pause / Break (read "Pause" or "Break") - suspends the computer. In modern operating systems, this key is relevant only during computer boot.
The up, down, right and left arrows refer to the cursor keys and allow you to move through the menu items, move the input cursor in the corresponding direction by one position. In combination with the Ctrl key, the arrows move a greater distance. For example, in the Microsoft Word editor, Ctrl+← moves the cursor one word to the left.
With the Shift key, a block of text is selected.
The Home and End keys move the cursor to the beginning and end of the current line in a document or file list.
What hot keys are useful to know.
The key combination Ctrl + Shift + Esc is indispensable when the computer freezes, it calls the "Task Manager", with which you can end the process, end the task or shut down the computer.
The Alt + Tab keys allow you to switch between open windows. A panel with all open applications appears in the center of the screen, and when you select the active window, you need to hold down the Alt key and press the Tab key several times.
The combination Alt + Space (space) opens the system window menu, with which you can restore, move, maximize, minimize and close the window without using the mouse.
Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift - switch keyboard layout.
Using Win + D, you can minimize all windows and show the desktop, and the Win + M keys minimize all windows, except for dialog ones.
Win + E opens the My Computer folder.
Win + F - open a window to search for a file or folder.
To configure the use of the Insert key for pasting, follow these steps:
1. In the upper left corner of the program window, click the button
2. On the Common Commands menu, click the Options button
3. In the "Word Options" window, go to the "Advanced" tab and the "Cut, copy and paste" group, turn on the "Use the Ins key to paste" item.
4. Close the window with the OK button.
How to set up replacement of the selected text fragment?
The Word 2007 settings offer two options for working with selected text fragments: replace it when pasting in place of the copied text, or place new text next to the selection.
To select the desired option, you must:
3. In the "Word Options" window, go to the "Advanced" tab and in the "Editing Options" group for the replacement option, enable the "replace the selected fragment" item.
4. Close the window with the OK button.
Note. To select "options for placing text side by side", respectively
we disable this item.
How do I set up the paste options?
When you drag text to a new location, there can be a number of small changes and inconsistencies between the format of the original text and where the text is placed.
To remove inconsistencies, it is enough:
1. In the upper left corner of the program window, click the button
2. In the menu of typical commands, click on the button "Parameters
3. In the "Word Options" window, go to the "Additional
but" and in the "Cut, copy and paste" group in paragraph
"Insert within the same document" select one of three values:
– “Use final fragment formatting” – the text will take on the formatting of the paragraph where it will be placed;
and the formatting of the original and new location.
5. In the "Insert into another document" item, select one of the three insertion values in the same way.
6. In the "Insert into another document when there are style conflicts" item, select one of the four insertion values in the same way.
A new value has been added to the selection: "Use Destination Styles (Default)" - in this case, the text will take on the style of the new placement.
7. In the paragraph "Paste from other programs" in the same way
You can select one of the three insertion values.
8. In the "Wrap around pictures" item (Fig. 3.18), select the way the inserted pictures interact with the existing text - "In text", "Around the frame", "Along the contour", "Behind the text",
In Front of Text, Through, and Above and Below
"Show Paste Options Buttons".
10. Enable the item "Consider spaces", and then click on the "Settings" button.
11. In the "Settings" window in the "Use for:" column, you can select:
- "Word 2002-2007" - for compatibility only with this range
program zone;
- "Word 1997-2000" - for compatibility only with this range
program zone;
- "Non-standard" - for self-configuring the combination
The choice is made depending on the range of programs whose documents you are dealing with.
12. Close the window with the OK button.
F1 - Brings up Windows "help" or the help window of the active program. In Microsoft Word, the Shift+F1 key combination shows text formatting;
F2 - renames the selected object on the desktop or in the explorer window;
F3 - opens the search window for a file or folder on the desktop and in Explorer. The key combination Shift+F3 is often used to search backwards;
F4 - opens a drop-down list, for example, the list of the address bar in the "My Computer" window or in Explorer. Alt + F4 in Windows is used to close applications, and Ctrl + F4 to close part of a document or program (for example, tabs);
F5 - Refreshes the active window of an open web page, desktop, explorer, and so on. In Microsoft PowerPoint, F5 starts the slide show from the beginning, and the key combination Shift + F5 from the current slide;
F6 - switch between screen elements in a window or
on the desktop. In File Explorer and Internet Explorer - navigate between the main body
windows and address bar;
F7 - checks spelling (in Word, Excel);
F8 - when booting the operating system, selects the boot mode.
In the Word editor, includes advanced text selection.
Selection of a fragment from the initial to the final position of the cursor occurs without holding down the Shift key.
Pressing the F8 key again selects the word closest to the cursor.
The third is a sentence containing it.
Fourth paragraph. Fifth, document.
You can remove the last selection by pressing Shift+F8.
You can disable the mode with the Esc key;
F9-- in some programs updates the selected fields;
F10 - activates the full menu, and the key combination Shift + F10 activates the context menu;
F11 - switches the window to full screen mode and back, for example, in Internet Explorer;
F12 - go to the choice of options for saving the file
(File -> Save As).
On a standard PC/AT keyboard, the alphanumeric block consists of 47 keys and includes keys for entering letters, numbers, punctuation, arithmetic, and special characters. The result of the action of these keys depends on the case (lower - upper) in which these keys are pressed.
The control keys Shift, Ctrl, Caps Lock, Alt and AltGr (right Alt) are also called modifier keys, as they are intended
to change the actions of other keys.
Shift (read "Shift") - uppercase key (non-fixed switching). Used in conjunction with other keys, such as the alphanumeric keys for typing capital letters and uppercase characters.
In addition, the Shift key is used as a modifier in keyboard shortcuts and on mouse clicks. For example, in order to open a link in a separate window in a browser, you need to click on the link with the mouse button,
while holding down the Shift key.
Ctrl (read "control") - used in combination with other keys, for example:
Ctrl+A - on Windows, selects all text in the window;
Ctrl + B - in the MS Word editor, switches the font to "bold-normal";
Ctrl+C - in programs with WinAPI copies the text to the buffer, and in console programs - ends the command;
Ctrl + F - in many programs, it calls the search dialog;
Ctrl + I - in the MS Word editor, switches the font to "italic-normal";
Ctrl+N - in programs with a multi-window interface, opens a new empty window;
Ctrl+O - In many programs, it opens the dialog for opening an existing file;
Ctrl+P - in many programs, sends text to print or calls the print dialog;
Ctrl + Q - exit from it in some programs;
Ctrl+R - in browsers, refreshes the contents of the window;
Ctrl+S - saves the current file in many programs
or calls the save dialog;
Ctrl+T Opens a new tab in browsers
Ctrl+U - toggles text underlining in MS Word;
Ctrl+V - in programs with WinAPI pastes the contents of the clipboard;
Ctrl+W — closes the current window in some programs;
Ctrl + Z - in many programs, cancels the last action;
Ctrl+F5 - Refreshes content in browsers
Ctrl+Home - in programs with a text field, jumps to the beginning of the document being edited;
Ctrl+End - in programs with a text field, jumps to the end of the document being edited;
Ctrl+ - in Total Commander navigates to the root directory of the disk.
Alt (read "Alt") - used in conjunction with other keys, modifying their action. For example:
Alt + F4 - closes them in all programs;
Alt + F7 - in some programs, calls the search dialog;
Alt + F10 - in some file managers, calls a directory tree;
Alt+Tab - in Windows, jumps to the next running window;
Alt+Letter - In some programs, invokes menu commands or opens menu columns.
In addition, the Alt+Shift or Ctrl+Shift key combinations are commonly used to switch keyboard layouts.
Capslock (read "Kapslock") - switching to uppercase mode (fixed switching). Pressing the key again cancels this mode. Used when typing in CAPITAL letters.
The Esc control key (read “Escape”), used to cancel the current operation or last change, minimize the application, go to the previous menu or screen, or deselect, is located in the left corner of the keyboard next to the function key block.
On the Windows operating system, the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Shift+Esc brings up the Task Manager.
Tab (read "Tab") - in text editors, enters a tab character and works with indents, and in graphical interfaces moves focus between elements. For example, moving between the desktop, the Start button, the Quick Launch bar, the taskbar, and the system tray.
The action of the AppsKey is equivalent to a right-click of the mouse and brings up the context menu for the selected object.
Line feed key Enter (Enter) - is used to enter a line feed when typing, selecting a menu item, submitting a command to be executed or confirming some action, and so on.
Backspace (read "Backspace") - in text editing mode, deletes the character to the left of the cursor, and outside the typing area - returns to the previous program screen or web page in the browser.
Delete (read "Divides") - deletes the selected object, the selected text fragment
or the character to the right of the input cursor.
The Insert key (read “Insert”) is used to switch between the insertion mode (the text seems to be moving apart) and replacement (new characters replace existing text) when editing text.
The keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Insert replaces the "copy" command, and Shift+Insert - "paste". In the file managers Total Commander and FAR Manager, the key is used to select a file or folder.
PrtScn (print screen) (read "Print Screen") - takes a screenshot and places it on the clipboard. In combination with the Alt key, the snapshot is copied to the clipboard
currently active window.
The service key ScrLk (Scroll Lock) (read “Scroll Lock”) blocks scrolling and, when activated, the contents of the entire screen are shifted with the cursor keys, which is very convenient when editing large tables, for example, in Excel.
Pause / Break (read "Pause" or "Break") - suspends the computer. In modern operating systems, this key is relevant only during computer boot.
The up, down, right and left arrows refer to the cursor keys and allow you to move through the menu items, move the input cursor in the corresponding direction by one position. In combination with the Ctrl key, the arrows move a greater distance. For example, in the Microsoft Word editor, Ctrl+ moves the cursor one word to the left.
With the Shift key, a block of text is selected.
The Home and End keys move the cursor to the beginning and end of the current line in a document or file list.
What hot keys are useful to know.
The key combination Ctrl + Shift + Esc is indispensable when the computer freezes, it calls the "Task Manager", with which you can end the process, end the task or shut down the computer.
The Alt + Tab keys allow you to switch between open windows. A panel with all open applications appears in the center of the screen, and when you select the active window, you need to hold down the Alt key and press the Tab key several times.
The combination Alt + Space (space) opens the system window menu, with which you can restore, move, maximize, minimize and close the window without using the mouse.
Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift - switch keyboard layout.
Using Win + D, you can minimize all windows and show the desktop, and the Win + M keys minimize all windows, except for dialog ones.
Win + E opens the My Computer folder.
Win + F - open a window to search for a file or folder.
Any standard modern keyboard is adapted for English. This type of keyboard is called PC/AT. The layout of the keys on them is subject to a single generally accepted scheme, and is mainly intended for English-speaking users.
On average, such a device has about 102 various keys , however, on specialized keyboards, such as gaming keyboards, there are additional buttons. Among them there are specialized keys that are responsible for working with the system. Among them is the ESC key, which will be discussed today.
ESC is an abbreviation for the English word ESCAPE and is responsible for canceling an operation or returning to a previous state of the system. It could be like minimizing the window and exiting the running application or an open program, if allowed by the program itself.
Most often located at the top left of the keyboard, has a square appearance. Some companies produce models in which ESC is located at a sufficient distance from others keys , thereby preventing an erroneous hit on the button.
Hot keys are a variety of keyboard shortcuts that can be make life easier for the user, quickly calling the necessary program functions, the search and discovery of which will take a lot of time and nerves.
There are several combinations with the ESC key that will help the user to call up the desired system functionality as soon as possible.
As you can see, the ESCAPE key plays an important role in any modern PC / AT keyboard. The location of this button can be changed. This is especially necessary on laptops, as if the ESC breaks, it will be very problematic and sometimes impossible to replace it.
Replacement is carried out using a variety of software that can be download from any site or, if you prefer licensed products, buy at any store.
The assignment of the key is changed using the program, where you yourself can set the parameters you need and put ESC in any place convenient for you.
Then you can either leave the ESC key in place and use another one (it is simply indispensable in case of a breakdown or if you need the button to be in a place convenient for you), or remove the key itself and rearrange it in places with the key where ESC was assigned.
Such manipulations with the rearrangement of keys can be great help programmers and people who simply find the location of the ESC not convenient enough.
Though QWERTY layout is a single layout for all keyboards, some developers manipulate this key, thereby trying to make ESCAPE more convenient to use.
Such experiments are not very popular, since in most cases the creators of such keyboards fail in the market due to the fact that they make their devices not very convenient for ordinary users to use. Most often, this kind of keyboard is made specially to order.
However, there are also interesting manipulations with standard keyboards. For example: to save space, laptop keyboards are placed as close to each other as possible. Because of these space savings, users often accidentally hit ESC, which backfires.
On keyboards designed for PCs, on the contrary, ESC is most often placed farther from other keys, generously allocating space for it. On some gaming keyboards, the key can be completely disabled or put a jumper in order not to accidentally press it during the game.
From all of the above, we can conclude that the ESC key is one of the most important keys on the keyboard. Without it, it will be almost impossible make full use of all functionality operating system.
It is involved in various combinations with other keys, helping the user to use the system more conveniently, and it is also possible to rearrange and reassign it using programs. This key is simply indispensable in any modern keyboard, and it is unlikely that it will have analogues in the near future.
