This is a museum building in Kibbutz Nakhsholim, knowledge itself is an important historical object. In 1891, a glass blowing plant was built to produce bottles for the wineries of Rishon Le Zion and Zichron Yaakov owned by Baron Rothschild. Interestingly, the director of this plant was Meir Dizingof, who later became the first mayor of Tel Aviv. The plant did not work for a long time, it quickly became clear that it was not profitable to produce bottles. The plant has ceased operations. To date, the museum has several interesting expositions dedicated to different periods in the history of Dora.
From the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II, there are references to Dor, around the 13th century BC, as well as a mention in the papyrus of Unu-Amon, in his adventures for cedar wood in Phoenicia. But before the city there are earlier traces of human activity, traces of ancient people, according to archaeologists, dating back about 30 thousand years ago.
During the time of Canaan, the city was a large port center with good fortifications, archaeologists have found a lot of Canaanite pottery, but there are also pottery from Cyprus and Egypt. Someone destroyed this city, but the composition of the population and its way of life does not differ before the destruction and after the destruction. Traces of active maritime trade with the cities of Greece and even Sardinia.
During the conquest of the tribes of Israel, Dor was supposed to become part of the Asher tribe, but in the end Menashe got it. But there is no lack of archaeological finds that could confirm the ownership of this city. There is a theory that Dor was captured during the time of King David and his expansions. But there were no traces of this. Dor almost until the 8th century BC. preserves the Canaan-Phoenician traditions. By the end of the Iron Age, changes in architecture take place, a new wall is being built and a gate with 4 rooms is built in it. The number of objects showing a connection with Galilee (Israeli) is increasing. There are traces of a building identified by archaeologists as a "traditional Phoenician courtyard", some of the monumental buildings and fortifications are falling into disuse.
During the time of the Assyrian conquests, the city was destroyed in 732, but it cannot be said in the affirmative, since there are no sources confirming this date. It is generally accepted that Tiglath-pileser III, during the conquest of Sharon in 732, captured the city from the kingdom of Israel. The city was rebuilt by the Assyrians, on top of the gate with 4 rooms, a gate with 2 rooms was erected in the tradition of the Assyrians. The city is expanding, and the ceramics show more and more Israeli origin, possibly related to local potters, although the ceramics show that they were also familiar with Assyrian pottery techniques. Also found traces of metallurgy, the production of copper and iron. Since the city becomes the economic and administrative center in the system of government of the Assyrians, it is controlled directly by the Assyrians, and not by local "princes". Dor is mentioned in the first third of the 7th century on the stele of King Esarhaddon. In the middle of the 7th century, presumably 630-650, the city was abandoned for almost 150 years ...
Traveling in Israel: Dor - Nakhsholim | Dor -Nahsholim - Israel
A large collection of stone and iron anchors is located in the flowerbeds around the museum, the anchors were raised in the Dora area from the bottom of the sea.
Residents returned to the city only in 480 BC. It still remains a mystery why the city was abandoned. At the beginning of the 5th century, the city is mentioned on the sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II as a city transferred to the control of the kings of Sidon from the central government of Persia. The administration of the city by the Sidonians continued in subsequent years, in the 4th century, in a geographical note of Sikilis, Dor was mentioned as a city of the Sidonians. The city expanded greatly and practically survived until the era of Roman rule. Interestingly, during the reign of the Persians, the city not only changed its architecture, but also changed its name from Dor to Dora or Doros. It is also interesting that the city was not surrounded by a “wall” in the full sense of the word, since some of the houses had an external fortified wall that merged into a defensive chain. The gates to the city were three meters wide, part of the threshold stone was discovered during excavations under the ruins of the tower of the Greek period.
Traveling in Israel: Dor - Nakhsholim | Dor -Nahsholim - Israel
A flower bed that was anchored .... 6 stone anchors and one iron…
The Greek period dates back to the conquests of Alexander the Great, but surprisingly the city was not taken by storm, no traces of destruction were found. Most likely, after the fall of Tyre, the rest of the cities surrendered. And perhaps the protectorate of Sidon affected. In any case, life in the city has not changed much. The city continued to expand, with a wall and towers built around it at regular intervals of 50 meters. During the excavations, the “Persian” palace was discovered, as archaeologists dubbed it, but later under its walls, coins were found relating to Ptolemy II Philadelphus (308 BC - 245 BC), the king of Egypt from the Ptolemaic dynasty. He ruled from 285 - 246 BC. In 219 BC. Dor survived the siege of Antiochus III the Great described by the ancient historian Polybius. In 139 BC the city is besieged by Antiochus VII Sitting at the moment when Diodotus Tryphon is hiding in the city. But in the end, the city will be captured by Alexander Janai at the beginning of the 1st century BC from the hands of the autocratic tyrant Zualis, who captured Dor and Straton's Tower (in the future Caesarea). But surprisingly, the culture of the city does not change, continues to be Phoenician, interesting finds showing how the city was besieged during these periods. For example, bullets for slings, lead rounded cylinders that could pierce light armor, it’s out of the question to pierce the skull ... as well as ballista shells, small spherical stones with weight marks, for accurate shooting.
By the way, there is an eternal confusion between Ballistas and Catapults ... for this I will quote:
The Greeks called such stone throwers "palintons", that is, shooting along a hinged trajectory, or "katapeltai petrobolos", that is, literally - a stone against a shield (a stone thrower piercing a shield). The most widely used Roman name for this tool is “ballista” (lat. ballista). Ballistas are not much different from catapults in design, the differences arise due to the method of firing. While catapults fire arrows (darts) almost horizontally, ballistas are designed to fire rocks at high elevation angles.
Weights for scales and cult figurines were also found in Dora.
Traveling in Israel: Dor - Nakhsholim | Dor -Nahsholim - Israel
One of the Marseille tiles was used in the construction of a glass-blowing factory. Like a French Rothschild trail. We can say that the tile was produced after the owners of tile factories united in a guild. There’s even a label with a heart… it will be necessary to look for the history of this plant. There is a room dedicated to the projects of Baron Rothschild. With a photograph where he disembarks at the pier of Tantura (Dor).
The Roman period is marked by economic and cultural growth. There is a lot of construction, even the streets in the city are all paved, and under them there are drainage trenches, so that the sewerage does not run through the streets ... An aqueduct was built into the city through which drinking water flowed, unfortunately the gates to the city have not been preserved, but there are concrete foundations of the place where the aqueduct entered the city. A large number of buildings have been preserved, including living quarters decorated with frescoes and mosaics, as well as temples and other public buildings. The city expanded to the south and slid down the hill, baths and even a theater were built. Josephus Flaphius mentions Dor among the cities liberated by Pompey, he also describes the conflicts between Jews and pagans of the city and mentions the synagogue. He further mentions in connection with the construction of Caesarea, as a small port not capable of receiving large ships. During the Great Uprising, captured Jews from the city of Zippori were brought to the city. Consequently, there was a Roman garrison in Dora. But with the construction of Caesarea, the city falls into decay, in Jewish sources discussing the boundaries of the holy land, Dor and an inn are mentioned. Other sources say that the city is abandoned, by the 3rd century the city ceased to exist, or nothing else was built in it ... On the Peitinger map from the 13th century, Dor is marked as a small settlement.
Traveling in Israel: Dor - Nakhsholim | Dor -Nahsholim - Israel
The museum has an interesting exposition of glassware from different periods. Including contemporary glass art.
During Byzantine times, Dor continued to be abandoned, but in the 4th-6th centuries the settlement was renewed, a church was built at the foot of the hill. It is known that there was a bishop in this church. But from the 6th century until the arrival of the Crusaders, there is no mention of Dora. During the excavations, a stone was found on which it is written that this pillar contains an important relic, a fragment of Golgotha (Golgota). The fragment was fastened in a special recess and secured with 4 crosses from different sides.
Traveling in Israel: Dor - Nakhsholim | Dor -Nahsholim - Israel
Pillar with an inscription about a stone from Golgotha. Important relic.
With the advent of the knights, a fortress was erected on the hill, which gave the Arabic name to the place "Hir Al Burj" - the Fortress of Ruins. But the researchers say that the fortress was called Merle - a black bird, De Merle is related. In the 13th century the fortress was abandoned. And during the Ottoman Empire, the village of Tantura appears. It is from this village that Edmond James De Rothschild, known to us as Baron Rothschild, buys land and in 1892 builds a bottle factory. A few years later, the plant closed and stood abandoned until the 70s of the 20th century.
Traveling in Israel: Dor - Nakhsholim | Dor -Nahsholim - Israel
The museum has an interesting collection of lamps, some of which are decorated with very spicy flowers ... kamasutra on lamps :)))
In 1948, during Operation Port, the Tsahal attacked the last Arab stronghold on the coast. 13 Tsakhal fighters and 70 Arabs were killed. The rest left the village. Thus ended the attacks on the TA-Haifa road by Arab gangs.
Traveling in Israel: Dor - Nakhsholim | Mizgag Museum - Dor
In 1949, two settlements were built - Kibbutz Nakhsholim and the village of Dor.
Traveling in Israel: Dor - Nakhsholim | Dor -Nahsholim - Israel
Behind the hill there are bays of stunning beauty, and a very interesting reef with caves and canyons under water. An ancient boat was also found in the bay, which was raised from the bottom, after a complex conservation process, the boat is put on display in the Hecht Museum.
Traveling in Israel: Dor - Nakhsholim | Dor -Nahsholim - Israel
Ancient wall fragments. View from the sea.
Traveling in Israel: Dor - Nakhsholim | Dor -Nahsholim - Israel
The same wall from the side of the hill.
Traveling in Israel: Dor - Nakhsholim | Dor -Nahsholim - Israel
On the coast there are dozens of shallow pools carved into the sandstone. According to the researchers, special types of marine mollusks (Murex, Thais haemastoma, Murex brandaris) from the glands of which the coloring element was extracted. By dyeing fabrics in purple and blue colors. There is a room in the meze dedicated to paint and its secrets. As well as disputes about how blue dye was produced in ancient times for dyeing threads in tallit.
Traveling in Israel: Dor - Nakhsholim | Dor -Nahsholim - Israel
The ruins of a Byzantine church, with all the necessary elements.
Traveling in Israel: Dor - Nakhsholim | Dor -Nahsholim - Israel
According to archaeologists, under these stones is the burial place of the saint, oil was poured into the hole between the plates, and then collected from the side. So the oil had to acquire holiness ....
This catalog presents hotels of Dora of different price categories: you can book rooms in both budget hotels in Dore and luxury hotels. Room rates depend on location and class of the hotel, close location to popular attractions of Dora. Booking hotels is a service from Hotels that has given many tourists savings on room rates and a fantastic vacation in the best cities in the world!Booking hotels in Dora is just 6 steps away:
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You can get around the Douro by taxis and buses.
On the territory of Dora, you can see the remains of a Roman theater and a Byzantine church, inside which a mosaic floor and a marble column have been preserved. It is also worth looking at the remains of the ancient port. By the way, excursions to Haifa and Tel Aviv are constantly organized from Dora.
In between sightseeing, head to the beach. And there are all the conditions for a wonderful holiday. Restaurants, diving centers, water sports equipment rentals, clubs and other establishments are open on the coast.
Villas located near the sea are very popular. Also on the coast there are hotel complexes with rooms for every taste and budget.
In Dora restaurants, you should order eggplant with liver pate, mincemeat, chicken broth, hummus, fish with spicy sauce. The local cuisine will not seem too exotic to the tourist, and therefore, delicious dishes can be tasted without fear.
In the shops you can buy souvenirs, clothes, cosmetics and other products. For larger purchases, it is better to go to nearby Tel Aviv.
Until the next great journey begins, I will unsubscribe about some walks in my beloved homeland. This time we will visit the ruins of one of the most ancient cities in Israel, walk along the beach and visit the sculpture park supposedly for children, but in fact strictly for eighteen and older.
The settlement in the ancient city of Dor is believed to date back to the Bronze Age and is mentioned in documents dating back to the reign of the pharaoh. Ramses II (XIII century BC). By the Iron Age, Dor was already a large fortified city, so large that some sources call it "monumental". During the Canaanite era, Dor was the capital of the Teucres (the people who settled in Troy), and was considered one of the largest cities in the Levant.
As we can see, little has been preserved of the greatness of the ancient city. However, let's continue. After the conquest of Dor by the "Israelis", he was given to the tribe of Menashe. In 732 B.C. Dor conquered Tiglath-pileser III (the same Tukulti-apal-Esharra that Gezer conquered -), and the city passed to the Assyrians. For about a hundred years, Dora was the main port, but then, around 630 BC. the city was abandoned, and was revived only 150 years later in 480 BC.
The hill offers beautiful views of the Mediterranean Sea and our local Burj Dubai
In the Persian and Hellenistic era, nothing particularly interesting happened here. Dor was part of the empire of Alexander the Great as a city-state, and during the time of the Seleucids it was a strong fortress. In 103 B.C. Dor (and neighboring Caesarea) was captured by Alexander Yannai, and annexed to the Hasmonean kingdom of Judea. However, after forty years, Dor "changed ownership" and was captured by the Roman Empire.
During the years of Roman rule, a real architectural revolution took place in Dora. Temples, industrial buildings, rich residential areas and baths (often decorated with frescoes and mosaics), basilicas, public buildings, a theater and much more were built in the city. However, despite all this, Caesarea was built up even more actively, and just a couple of years later Dor was mentioned in sources and on maps as a small settlement between Caesarea and Akko.
In front of you is a pier and the remains of one of the ancient Roman temples
And here are the remains of another
An important pacing heron was spotted near the water
Dor continued to exist in the Byzantine era, until about the middle of the 3rd century. In the Onomasticon already mentioned by me more than once Eusebius of Caesarea - Dor is described as an "abandoned city". Then, as always, the dark Middle Ages set in, and only in the 13th century did the crusaders, realizing the strategic importance of Dora, build a small fortress here. Researchers believe that it was called Merle (the French name for the bird is blackbird), but the sources do not provide evidence for this fact (maybe Merle is located southeast of Dora - where Hurvat Mazraa and Hurvat Tapet are located today). The fortress also gave the current Arabic name of Tel Dora - Khirbet el-Burj (Hurvat ha-Metsuda).
Merle was built by the crusaders as one of the fortresses of the fortification complex from Atlit - to Caesarea.
However, in the same century, the fortress was abandoned, and Dor again ceased to exist. During the Ottoman era, the Arab village of Tantura arose here. In 1892, Baron Rothschild bought the land, and founded a factory for the production of glass bottles for the wineries of the region (managed by the factory, by the way, Meir Dizengoff, the future legendary mayor of Tel Aviv).
In 1952, the first serious excavations began here (before that, excavations were carried out on the hill under the guidance of the British Archaeological School - in 1923-1924, but they quickly stopped), during which an ancient theater and a Byzantine church were discovered. Serious excavations have been carried out here since 1980 and supposedly are still going on.
But it seems to me that there is something to strive for.
Of course, much can be seen, and in general Tel Dor is very beautiful - much more beautiful than it can be seen in the photographs. But I practically did not find any frescoes, mosaics, or even the contours of buildings (except for walls and temples). Here, for example, is the only piece of the mosaic that I was able to find.
Back to the top of the hill
One last look at "active" excavations
The walk from Tel Dor to Bonim Beach takes about an hour (4.5 kilometers). This is probably one of the favorite routes of the local public. I liked it too, but I didn't like HaBonim beach itself. It seems like a nature reserve, and the beach of shells is all polluted with garbage.
And the main attraction of the reserve, the Blue Cave, is somehow not impressive.
The arch, of course, is beautiful, but it's still not the Barnafoss waterfall) -
Also note that if you want to come to the HaBonim Reserve by car, you will be charged 27 shekels for parking, it is absolutely incomprehensible why. Well, we go further, to the park of basalt sculptures.
The sculpture park is called "Basalton"
And it is located in Kibbutz Ein HaCarmel, about 5 km from Bonim Beach.
I especially like the bearded lion. For some reason I called him Nebuchadnezzar
Separately - a koteg and a strange head.
In general, there are a lot of strange heads here)
Several Yet
General view of the last two heads, with another creature similar to Nebuchadnezzar.
I named it the Sphinx.
General angle
We smoothly move from the Sphinx and Nebuchadnezzar to the non-children's part of the park
As you can see, the topic of boobs, and not only boobs, is quite open to itself.
The Ilana Gur members' museum - and the Phallological Museum in Reykjavik - suck without bending down, in the truest sense of the word.
Having recovered from the shock, we will continue our walk in the park. I suddenly discovered a few more heads.
The one in the photo above I called the Minotaur. And below - the Leader of the Redskins.
In front of the leader of the Redskins, another Nedecian sculpture
There is also a complex-non-childish sculpture here.
Some kind of complex mix a la Jackson Pollock got stoned that I couldn’t make out anything except boobs
In general, the park pleases
There is also a Scream
A few more last
And maybe that's enough
Great park, I'm talking) I hope no one was offended by obscene language.
